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MADE EASY GATE HANDWRITTEN CLASSROOM NOTES
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GATE Civil Engineering General Section reference books PDF. In GATE every year we have General section which consist of 15 Marks. Those 15 marks are very important to. Bituminous Materials by Mang Tia (to be downloaded from the course web page) Objectives of the course (1) To study the physical properties of major construction materials, and be able to effectively evaluate, select and apply them in civil engineering practice. (2) To have hands-on experience with testing of materials.
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Building Materials Made Easy GATE Notes Free Download PDF
Introduction
All the building structures are composed of different types of materials. These materials are either called building materials or materials of construction. It is very essential for a builder, may be an architecture or engineer or contractor, to become conversant thoroughly with these building materials. The knowledge of different types of material, their properties and uses for different purposes provides and important tool in the hands of the builders in achieving economy in material cost. The material cost in a building ranges 30 to 50 percent cost of total cost construction. In addition to material economy, the correct use of material results in better structural strength, functional efficiency and aesthetic appearance.
Classification of Rocks:
Building stones are obtained from rocks occurring in nature and classified in three ways.
1. Geological classification
2. Physical classification
3. Chemical classification
1. Geological classification
2. Physical classification
3. Chemical classification
Geological Classification:
According to this classification, the rocks are of the following types.
a. Igneous rocks: Rocks that are formed by cooling of Magana (molten or pasty rocky material) are known as igneous rocks. Eg: Granite, Basalt and Dolerite etc.
b. Sedimentary rocks: these rocks are formed by the deposition of production of weathering on the pre-existing rocks. Examples: gravel, sandstone, limestone, gypsum, lignite etc.
c. Metamorphic rocks. These rocks are formed by the change in character of the pre-existing rocks. Igneous as well as sedimentary rocks are changed in character when they are
subject to great heat and pressure. Known as metamorphism. Examples: Quartzite, Schist, Slate, Marble and Gneisses.
a. Igneous rocks: Rocks that are formed by cooling of Magana (molten or pasty rocky material) are known as igneous rocks. Eg: Granite, Basalt and Dolerite etc.
b. Sedimentary rocks: these rocks are formed by the deposition of production of weathering on the pre-existing rocks. Examples: gravel, sandstone, limestone, gypsum, lignite etc.
c. Metamorphic rocks. These rocks are formed by the change in character of the pre-existing rocks. Igneous as well as sedimentary rocks are changed in character when they are
subject to great heat and pressure. Known as metamorphism. Examples: Quartzite, Schist, Slate, Marble and Gneisses.
Physical Classification:
This classification based on general structure of rocks. According to this, the rocks are classified into three types
a. Stratified Rocks: These rocks posses planes of stratification or cleavage and such rocks can be easily split along these planes Ex: sedimentary rocks
b. An stratified rocks: The structure may be crystalline granular or compact granular. Examples: Igneous rocks and Sedimentary rocks affected by movements of the earth.
c. Foliated Rocks: These rocks have a tendency to split up in a definite direction only. Ex: Metamorphic rocks.
a. Stratified Rocks: These rocks posses planes of stratification or cleavage and such rocks can be easily split along these planes Ex: sedimentary rocks
b. An stratified rocks: The structure may be crystalline granular or compact granular. Examples: Igneous rocks and Sedimentary rocks affected by movements of the earth.
c. Foliated Rocks: These rocks have a tendency to split up in a definite direction only. Ex: Metamorphic rocks.
Chemical Classification:
According to this classification rocks are classified into three types.
a. Siliceous rocks: In these rocks, silica is predominates. The rocks are hard; durable and not easily effected by weathering agencies. Ex: Granite, Quartzite, etc.
b. Argillaceous Rocks: In these rocks, clay predominates. The rocks may be dense and compact or may be soft. Ex: slates, Laterites etc.
c. Calcareous rocks: In these rocks, calcium carbonate predominates. The durability to these rocks will depend upon the constituents present in surrounding atmosphere. Ex: Lime Stone,
marble etc.
a. Siliceous rocks: In these rocks, silica is predominates. The rocks are hard; durable and not easily effected by weathering agencies. Ex: Granite, Quartzite, etc.
b. Argillaceous Rocks: In these rocks, clay predominates. The rocks may be dense and compact or may be soft. Ex: slates, Laterites etc.
c. Calcareous rocks: In these rocks, calcium carbonate predominates. The durability to these rocks will depend upon the constituents present in surrounding atmosphere. Ex: Lime Stone,
marble etc.
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The Book is considerably modified version of the 2000 edition. In thrid edition of the book extensive revisions have been made. New materials have been introduced due to the advances in the technology and progress in industry. The information presented includes characteristics of the materials in regards to their physical and mechanical properties with emphasis on their strength and durability qualities. The material presented can be supplemented by the information from I.S. codes and various product manufactureres.
This edition embodies material changes in the chapters dealing with cement, concrete, limite and many others. Testing procedures of the materials have been updated for most of the materials as some of the codes have been revised. Especially, in chapeter 3 on Rocks and Stones the section on testing of stones has been completely rewritten.
Chapter 8 on Lime has been completely rewritten to make it more reader friendly. Logcial changes in Chapter 5 on cement, chapter 10 on concrete and chapter 20 on special cements and cement concretes have been made. Admixtures for concrete have been placed in chapter 10 and section on Pointing has been removed from chapter 12 on building mortars. Many newer and upcoming more important concretes such as self compacting concrete, bacterial concrete have been introduced in chapter 20 on special cements and cement concrete. Numerous revision of data and substitutions in description have been made not only in these chapters but in other chapters also. Smart materials and composite materials have been introduced in chapter 2 on miscellaneous materials. The author will be greatful to the readers for their comments and suggestions for further improvement of the book.
Title of the Book
Building Materials
S. K. Duggal
S. K. Duggal
Contents of the Book
1. Principal Properties of Building Materials
3. Rock and Stones
5. Materials for making concrete cement
7. Materials for Making Concrete-III Water
9. Puzzolanas
11. Concrete Mix Design
Civil Engineering Materials Lecture Notes Pdf
13. Ferrous Metals
15. Ceramic Materials
Building Construction Books Free Pdf
17. Paints, Enamels and Varishes
19. Gypsum
21. Miscellaneous Materials
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Civil Engineering Materials Pdf
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